Illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing is a worldwide phenomenon. Its extent and its environmental, economic and social consequences are such that it has become a priority issue at international level. IUU fishing contributes to the depletion of fish stocks and jeopardises protection and recovery measures put in place to ensure the viability of resources. It represents unfair competition for those who exploit fish resources legally. The impact of IUU fishing also threatens the very survival of coastal communities.